How Chat Systems Became Digital Infrastructure From Early Mainframes to Future Agents: From Instant Messages to Intelligent Assistants

The rise of online dialogue begins long before mobile apps. In the 1950s, computers were massive, institutional, and difficult to operate. Work was usually handled through delayed computation. People prepared paper tapes, submitted jobs and commands, and waited for a printer to return answers. This process was slow, and it left little space for ins

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